Metal rolling is a metal sheet processing and shaping process where the sheet is passed between two or more sets of rolls to bend it into a circular form.
Most metal rolling operations follow a similar process - the workpiece is plastically deformed by compressive forces between two rotating rolls, affecting the thickness and structure of the metal. The reduction in thickness can be measured by the difference in thickness before and after the reduction. Additionally, to reduce the thickness of the product, the rolls rotate in opposite directions, working on the material.
Friction is an essential part of the rolling operation, but it's worth noting that excessive friction is also undesirable. During the rolling process, it is crucial to control the level of friction between the rolls and the workpiece (material) by using lubricants. It should be emphasized that while the geometric form of the metal product changes during rolling, its volume remains essentially constant. The area where the rolls act on the material and plastic deformation occurs is known as the rolling zone.
An important factor in metal rolling is that due to the reduction in material thickness, the metal leaving the rolling zone will move faster than when it enters the rolling zone. The rolls rotate at a constant speed, so at a certain point, the surface speed of the rolling zone on the rolls and the material becomes equal. This is known as the no-slip point. Before this point, the rolls move faster than the material, and after this point, the material moves faster than the rolls.
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